This statement fetches the first struc_name1 record using the key given in str_expr within the set, set_name, where struc_name2 is the owner.
14.9.11 SET STRUCTURE, SET, USING
SET STRUCTURE struc_name1, SET 'set_name', USING struc_name2
10 OPEN STRUCTURE class: name 'devint:intest_dbms'
20 OPEN STRUCTURE part : name 'devint:intest_dbms'
SET STRUCTURE class, SET 'class_part', USING part
30 END
This statement is used for DBMS handling and fetches the first struc_name1 within a set. The record referred to by struc_name2 is the owner.
Files are places where information is stored. You can access files from within your INTOUCH programs. Files exist outside of your program. Therefore, when your program ends, the file and the information in it still exists. The next time you run the program, you can access the file, remove old information from it and store new information in it.
Files are stored on devices: disks, tapes, etc.. They are stored under file specifications, which include a device name. For information on file names and file specifications, see Section 17.1, File Specifications and the Command Language and DCL User's Guide of the OpenVMS documentation set.
The following pages describe the INTOUCH statements used to manipulate files.
OPEN #chnl_num: NAME 'file_spec'
[, ACCESS INPUT| OUTPUT | OUTIN ] [, UNFORMATTED]
[, UNIQUE] [, OPTIMIZE OFF]
10 OPEN #1: NAME 'test_file.tmp', ACCESS OUTPUT
PRINT #1: 'This is the first line of text.'
PRINT #1: 'This is the second line of text.'
20 CLOSE #1
30 OPEN #1: NAME 'test_file.tmp', ACCESS INPUT
LINE INPUT #1: line_1$, line_2$
PRINT line_1$
PRINT line_2$
40 CLOSE #1
RNH
This is the first line of text.
This is the second line of text.
OPEN either opens an existing file or creates a new one. #chnl_num is the channel number associated with the file. chnl_num can be any integer number in the range of 1 to 95. (0 is the channel number associated with the terminal. Channel number 0 cannot be opened or closed.) The channel number is used to refer to the file. The channel number must be unique. If a channel number is already associated with an open file, an exception is generated.
file_spec gives the file specification of the file being opened. The file specification can be any string expression.
The OPEN statement has several options. Multiple options are separated with commas.
The ACCESS option specifies one of three input/output options. These options tell INTOUCH whether you want to input (read) data, output (store) data or input and output data.
When you write to a file opened as UNFORMATTED, the writes are done without any carriage control. This allows various character sequences to be sent to the channel without having CR/LF (carriage return/line feed) sequences sent as well.
10 OPEN #1: NAME 'tt:', ACCESS OUTPUT, UNFORMATTED
20 FOR i = 1 TO 10
PRINT #1: i;
NEXT i
30 END
RNH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
When you specify OPTIMIZE OFF, the file is opened without any of the INTOUCH I/O optimizations.
10 OPEN #2: NAME 'report.txt', OPTIMIZE OFF
20 END
When the UNIQUE option is used, the file is created with a unique name. These are usually temporary work or holding files for listings, etc.
10 OPEN #12: UNIQUE, ACCESS OUTPUT
20 ASK #12: NAME x$
30 PRINT x$
40 CLOSE #12
50 END
RNH
SYS$SCRATCH:TMP_B90001.TMP
The following example illustrates how to create uniquely named files based on file_spec.
10 OPEN #12: NAME 'payroll', UNIQUE, ACCESS OUTPUT
20 ASK #12: NAME x$
30 PRINT x$
40 CLOSE #12
50 END
RNH
SYS$SCRATCH:PAYROLL_AE0001.TMP
CLOSE [#chnl_num | ALL]
10 OPEN #1: NAME 'test_file.lis', ACCESS OUTPUT
20 PRINT #1: 'This is the first line.'
30 PRINT #1: 'Here is the second line.'
40 CLOSE #1
50 END
CLOSE #chnl_num closes a file. CLOSE ALL closes all files. You should close your files before your program ends.
CLOSE closes a file from further access. Once a file is closed, data cannot be stored in it or read from it. chnl_num is the channel number associated with the file. (The channel number is assigned in the OPEN statement.) The channel number can be given as any numeric expression.
The PRINT #chnl_num statement writes data to a file so the data can be referenced at a later time.
PRINT #chnl_num [, USING print_mask]: [TAB(col){, | ;}] [expr {, | ;}
[TAB(col){, | ;}] expr...]
10 OPEN #1: NAME 'test.tmp', ACCESS OUTPUT
PRINT #1, USING '{UCASE}?': 'first line'
PRINT #1: TAB(5); 'second line'
CLOSE #1
20 OPEN #1: NAME 'test.tmp', ACCESS INPUT
LINE INPUT #1: record_1$, record_2$
PRINT record_1$
PRINT record_2$
CLOSE #1
30 END
RNH
FIRST LINE
second line
PRINT writes data to a file. The file must be open and have a channel number associated with it. chnl_num is the channel number and it can be any numeric expression. expr is the expression being stored in the file. When INTOUCH executes a PRINT statement, it evaluates the expression and stores its value in the file. The expression is optional. A PRINT statement without an expression writes a blank line to the file.
15.4 INPUT #chnl_num: var, var...
INPUT #chnl_num: var, var...
10 OPEN #1: NAME 'number.dat', ACCESS OUTPUT
PRINT #1: 1; 2; 3
CLOSE #1
20 OPEN #1: NAME 'number.dat', ACCESS INPUT
INPUT #1: a, b, c
PRINT a; b; c
30 CLOSE #1
40 END
RNH
1 2 3
The INPUT #chnl_num statement is used to read the data stored in a file. The file must be open and have a channel number associated with it. The simplest version of the INPUT statement is:
INPUT #chnl_num: var
chnl_num is the channel number associated with the file. The channel number can be any integer expression. var is the variable the data is assigned to. Each time data is input from a file, it must be assigned to a variable. The data input must match the variable's data type. INTOUCH inputs data sequentially starting at the beginning of the file.
15.4.1 Inputting Multiple Variables
One INPUT statement can be used to input data into a number of variables. The variables in the INPUT list must be separated by commas.
INPUT #chnl_num: var, var, var...
INTOUCH inputs data sequentially, starting from the beginning of the file. INTOUCH continues inputting data until all the variables in the list have values.
10 DIM num(10)
OPEN #1: NAME 'number.dat', ACCESS OUTPUT
20 PRINT #1: 1
PRINT #1: 2
PRINT #1: 3
30 CLOSE #1
40 OPEN #1: NAME 'number.dat', ACCESS INPUT
50 FOR i = 1 TO 3
INPUT #1: num(i)
PRINT num(i);
NEXT i
60 CLOSE #1
70 END
RNH
1 2 3
If the variable and data types don't match, an exception will be generated.
If an attempt is made to input more data than the file contains, an exception is generated.
15.5 LINE INPUT #chnl_num: str_var, str_var...
LINE INPUT #chnl_num [, EOF num_var]: str_var, str_var...
10 OPEN #1: NAME 'test_file.tmp', ACCESS INPUT
20 LINE INPUT #1: line_1$, line_2$
PRINT line_1$, line_2$
30 CLOSE #1
40 END
RNH
This is the first line of text. This is the second line of text.
LINE INPUT #chnl_num reads a line of text from a file. Everything on the line including commas, quotation marks, semi-colons, etc., is accepted as part of the input line.
The file must be open and have a channel number associated with it. The simplest version of the LINE INPUT statement is:
LINE INPUT #chnl_num: str_var
chnl_num is the channel number associated with the file. The channel number can be any integer expression. str_var is the variable to which data is being assigned. When INTOUCH executes the LINE INPUT statement, it reads a line from the file and assigns it to the string variable specified.
LINE INPUT accepts as the input data, everything from the beginning of the line up to the first line terminator. The contents of the line---including commas, quotation marks, tabs, leading and trailing spaces, etc.---are assigned to the string variable specified. A string variable must be specified. If a numeric variable is specified, an error will result. If the line being read is empty, INTOUCH assigns a null string to the string variable.
The EOF option of LINE INPUT causes INTOUCH to return a TRUE/FALSE value indicating when the end-of-file has been reached. This eliminates the need for an error handler when reading files. The format is:
LINE INPUT #chnl_num, EOF num_var: str_var
10 ven_ch = _CHANNEL
OPEN #ven_ch: NAME 'test_file.tmp'
DO
LINE INPUT #ven_ch, EOF endfile?: datafile$
IF endfile? THEN EXIT DO
PRINT 'line was: '; datafile$
LOOP
CLOSE #1
20 END
RNH
line was: This is the first line of text.
line was: This is the second line of text.
_CHANNEL is the next available channel number.
LINE INPUT can be used to read several lines of data from a file. To read more than one item, separate the string variables with commas. Lines are read sequentially, starting from the beginning of the file, and assigned to the variables listed.
10 OPEN #1: NAME 'test_file.tmp', ACCESS INPUT
20 LINE INPUT #1: line_1$, line_2$
PRINT '1 '; line_1$
PRINT '2 '; line_2$
30 CLOSE #1
40 END
RNH
1 This is the first line of text.
2 This is the second line of text.
If an attempt is made to input more data than the file contains, INTOUCH generates an exception.
ASK #chnl_num: [NAME str_var][, ZONEWIDTH num_var] [, MARGIN num_var]
[, CURRENT str_var]
10 OPEN #3: NAME 'storage.dat', ACCESS OUTPUT
20 ASK #3: ZONEWIDTH x
PRINT 'The current print zone width is'; x
30 CLOSE #3
40 END
RNH
The current print zone width is 20
Use ASK #chnl_num to find what various characteristics a device is set to.
ASK returns the characteristic of the device specified and stores the value in a num_var or str_var. chnl_num is an optional channel number. If no channel number is specified, INTOUCH checks the default device. If a channel number is specified, INTOUCH checks the device associated with that channel number.
An option must be included in the ASK #chnl_num statement. The ask options currently available are described below.
ASK #chnl_num: ZONEWIDTH finds the print zone width of the device specified and assigns the value to the numeric variable num_var.
10 OPEN #3: NAME 'storage.dat', ACCESS OUTPUT
20 ASK #3: ZONEWIDTH x
PRINT 'The current print zone width is'; x
30 CLOSE #3
40 END
RNH
The current print zone width is 20
ASK MARGIN finds the right margin of the device specified and assigns its value to the numeric variable num_var.
10 OPEN #3: NAME 'test_file.tmp', ACCESS OUTPUT
20 ASK #3: MARGIN marg
PRINT 'The current margin is'; marg
30 CLOSE #3
40 END
RNH
The current margin is 132
ASK #chnl_num: CURRENT is used to store a current record value into the str_var.
10 OPEN #1: NAME 'temp.tmp', ACCESS OUTPUT
FOR z = 1 TO 20
PRINT #1: 'This is line number '; z
NEXT z
CLOSE #1
20 OPEN #1: NAME 'temp.tmp'
FOR i = 1 TO 5
LINE INPUT #1: a$
NEXT i
ASK #1: CURRENT c$
PRINT '5th item was: '; a$
30 FOR i = 1 TO 5
LINE INPUT #1: a$
NEXT i
PRINT '10th item was: '; a$
40 SET #1: CURRENT c$
LINE INPUT #1: a$
PRINT 'Back to 5th item again: '; a$
50 CLOSE #1
60 END
RNH
5th item was: This is line number 5
10th item was: This is line number 10
Back to 5th item again: This is line number 5
ASK #chnl_num: NAME asks the INTOUCH operating system for the file specification of the file open on channel #chnl_num and stores the value into str_var.
10 out_ch = 12
20 OPEN #out_ch: NAME 'sys$scratch:minutes.lis', &
ACCESS OUTPUT
30 ASK #out_ch: NAME x$
40 PRINT x$
50 CLOSE #out_ch
60 END
RNH
USER:[TESTER]MINUTES.LIS
SET # chnl_num: [ ZONEWIDTH num_expr ] [, MARGIN int_expr]
[, CURRENT str_expr]
10 OPEN #3: NAME 'storage.dat', ACCESS OUTPUT
20 ASK #3: ZONEWIDTH x
PRINT 'The current print zone width is'; x
SET #3: ZONEWIDTH 35
ASK #3: ZONEWIDTH x
PRINT 'The new print zone width is'; x
30 CLOSE #3
40 END
RNH
The current print zone width is 20
The new print zone width is 35
SET #chnl_num sets various device characteristics. chnl_number is a channel number. If no channel number is specified, INTOUCH sets the default device (the terminal). If a channel number is specified, INTOUCH sets the device associated with that channel number.
When a device characteristic is SET, it remains set until the device is closed. Therefore, if the terminal is SET, it will remain SET until you exit from the INTOUCH environment or the SET statement is used again.
An option must be included with the SET #chnl_num statement. The set options currently available are described below:
SET #chnl_num: ZONEWIDTH sets the print zone width of the device specified to the number designated. num_expr indicates the width to set the device's print zones. See above example.
SET #chnl_num: MARGIN sets the right margin on the device specified to the number indicated. int_expr specifies the column to set the margin to. The margin must be greater than the zonewidth.
10 OPEN #3: NAME 'storage.dat', ACCESS OUTPUT
20 SET #3: MARGIN 45
PRINT #3: REPEAT$('1234567',10)
CLOSE #3
30 OPEN #3: NAME 'storage.dat', ACCESS INPUT
DO
LINE INPUT #3, EOF endfile?: item$
IF endfile? THEN EXIT DO
PRINT item$
LOOP
40 CLOSE #3
50 END
RNH
123456712345671234567123456712345671234567123
4567123456712345671234567
SET #chnl_num: CURRENT sets the current record to that specified by str_expr. The str_expr contains the information for the record you want to make current.
10 OPEN #1: NAME 'temp.tmp', ACCESS OUTPUT
FOR z = 1 TO 20
PRINT #1: 'This is line number '; z
NEXT z
CLOSE #1
20 OPEN #1: NAME 'temp.tmp'
FOR i = 1 TO 5
LINE INPUT #1: a$
NEXT i
ASK #1: CURRENT c$
PRINT '5th item was: '; a$
30 FOR i = 1 TO 5
LINE INPUT #1: a$
NEXT i
PRINT '10th item was: '; a$
40 SET #1: CURRENT c$
LINE INPUT #1: a$
PRINT 'Back to 5th item again: '; a$
50 CLOSE #1
60 END
RNH
5th item was: This is line number 5
10th item was: This is line number 10
Back to 5th item again: This is line number 5
KILL str_expr
5 ! DANGER -- Executing this program will DELETE a file
10 INPUT 'What file do you want to delete': file$
20 KILL file$
30 END
RNH
What file do you want to delete?
Use KILL to delete a file from within your program.
KILL searches for and deletes the file specified in str_expr, the string expression. You must include the full file name with extension. If you do not include a version number, KILL will delete the most recent version only.